What Is an Ideogram Definition and Examples

An ideogram is a graphic  picture or  symbol (such as or %) that represents a thing or an idea without expressing the sounds that form its name. Also called ideograph. The use of ideograms is called ideography. Some ideograms says Enn Otts, are  comprehensible only by prior knowledge of their convention; others convey their meaning through pictorial resemblance to a physical object, and therefore may also be described as pictograms, or pictographs (Decoding Theoryspeak,  2011). Ideograms are used in some writing systems, such as Chinese and Japanese.   EtymologyFrom the Greek, idea written Examples and Observations â€Å"[T]he picture [of a finger pointing] is an ideogram; it does not represent a sequence of sounds, but rather a concept that can be expressed in English in various ways: go that way or in this direction or over there or, combined with words or other ideograms, such notions as the stairs are to the right or pick up your luggage at that place. Ideograms are not necessarily pictures of objects; the arithmetic minus sign is an ideogram that depicts not an object but a concept that can be translated as minus or subtract the following from the preceding or negative.(C. M. Millward and Mary Hayes, A Biography of the English Language, 3rd ed. Wadsworth, 2012)The X IdeogramAs a modern ideogram, the diagonal  cross has a wide spectrum of meanings from confrontation, annulment, cancellation, over opposing forces, hindrances, obstruction, to unknown, undecided, unsettled.Here are a number of examples of the specific meanings of X in different systems: a crossbreed between different specie s, varieties or races (in botany and biology), takes (chess), printing error (printing), I/We cannot continue (ground-to-air emergency code), unknown number or multiply  (mathematics), unknown person (Mr. X), and road obstruction (military).The diagonal cross is sometimes used as a symbol for Christ, whose name in Greek begins with the Greek letter X. It also stands for the number 1,000 in ancient Greece, and even represented Chronos, the god of time, the planet Saturn and the god Saturn in Roman mythology.(Carl G. Liungman,  Thought Signs: The Semiotics of Symbols—Western Non-Pictorial Ideograms. IOS Press, 1995)Pictograms and IdeogramsThe difference between pictograms and ideograms is not always clear. Ideograms tend to be less direct representations, and one may have to learn what a particular ideogram means. Pictograms tend to be more literal. For example, the no parking symbol consisting of a black letter P inside a red circle with a slanting red line through it is a n ideogram. It represents the idea of no parking abstractly. A no parking symbol showing an automobile being towed away is more literal, more like a pictogram.(Victoria Fromkin, Robert Rodman, and Nina Hyams, An Introduction to Language, 9th ed. Wadsworth, 2011)The Rebus PrincipleWhen an ideographic system proves too cumbersome and unwieldy, the rebus principle might be employed for greater efficiency. The rebus principle is an important element in the development of many modern-day writing systems because it is the link to representing the spoken language. Unlike pure ideograms, rebus symbols rely on how a language sounds and are specific to a particular language. For example, if English used the symbol [graphic of an eye] for eye, that would be considered an ideogram. But if English also began to use it to represent the pronoun I or the affirmative aye, that would be an example of the rebus principle in action. In order to understand that [graphic of an eye] could mean the pronoun or the affirmative, one must also know English. You could not use that symbol to conjure up the comparable words in Spanish, for example. So, when you read 2 good 2 B 4 gotten, it is your knowledge of both English and the rebus principle that allows you to assign meaning to it.(Anita K. Barry, Linguistic Perspectives on Language and Education. Greenwood, 2002) Pronunciation: ID-eh-o-gram

Film Autuerism Essay - 1302 Words

Film Autuerism Auteurism is a term first coined by Francois Truffaut to describe the mark of a film director on his films. A director can be considered an auteur if about five of his film depict a certain style that is definitely his own. In other words, much like one can look at a painting and tell if it is a Monet, a Renoir, or a Degas, if a film director is an auteur, one can look at his film and tell by style and recurring themes that it was made by a certain director. In auteur films, the director is many times what brings an audience to the theater, instead of the actors or storyline. I am going to take a look at three of the most noted auteurs: Frederico Fellini, Satyajit Ray, and Alfred Hitchcock. I watched five of†¦show more content†¦In all of the films, the husband and wife have difficulty communicating with each other. One scene in City of Women visually shows this with multiple barriers: physical (a column and doorway), spatial (the characters are on opposite sides of the screen) and social (a crown with turned backs). In Juliet of the Spirits, Julieta is the â€Å"superwife.† She plays all of the above stated roles, and also it is apparent that she has her own interior life. This is shown by the use of mirrors and reflections within reflections. The final character archetype that I noticed in Fellini’s films is the â€Å"macho man.† This is probably best illustrated in the harem sequence in 8-1/2. In this the main character imagines himself as the master of all women he has ever desired, real or fantasized. In City of Women the doctor is the idealized male stereotype who now has to deal with women’s increasing independence. I do not think that this character was as effective, however, in showing this archetype as much as the harem sequence did. In La Strada the male character is kept a prisoner by these male virtues- he cannot communicate his own feelings. Fellini definitely has many trademarks, but I chose these to write about because they are the least remarked upon. But, surely when one watches any Fellini film, there is a definite look and feel to the movie, making Fellini a true auteur. The next auteur that I studiedShow MoreRelatedDiscuss the technological impact on film theory and the advantages and disadvantages of the invasion of the digital world.1428 Words   |  6 PagesFilms are one of the most popular media in the modern world, watched by hundreds of millions of people all around the world. Films began in the late 19th century as a technological novelty, transferring to a new means of presentation and distribution an older tradition of entertainment, offering stories, spectacles, music, drama, humour and technical tricks for popular consumption. (McQuail, 1983) And, as with any popular media, people began to talk and write about it, and film theory arose fromRead MoreThe Simplest Form, By Francois Truffaut2158 Words   |  9 PagesIn the simplest form, an â€Å"auteur† is the author of a film in which who writes and directs their own films and which are usually very unique. The word auteur originated in France and is the outline for an abstract ap proach to film making where as the director is seen as the central artistic force in a motions picture. The word auteur was introduced in France during the late 1940’s founded by Franà §ois Truffaut who was a French director turned Auteur however Andre Basin would be categorized as the â€Å"father

Practical Demonkeeping Chapter 14-15 Free Essays

string(208) " minutes to get all the toilet paper unstuck from her underarms, and there had been an embarrassing moment when another woman came into the restroom and found her before the mirror with her elbow in the air\." 14 DINNER Travis parked the Chevy on the street in front of Jenny’s house. He turned off the engine and turned to Catch. â€Å"You stay here, you understand. We will write a custom essay sample on Practical Demonkeeping Chapter 14-15 or any similar topic only for you Order Now I’ll be back in a little while to check on you.† â€Å"Thanks, Dad.† â€Å"Don’t play the radio and don’t beep the horn. Just wait.† â€Å"I promise. I’ll be good.† The demon attempted an innocent grin and failed. â€Å"Keep an eye on that.† Travis pointed to an aluminum suitcase on the backseat. â€Å"Enjoy your date. The car will be fine.† â€Å"What’s wrong with you?† â€Å"Nothing,† Catch grinned. â€Å"Why are you being so nice?† â€Å"It’s good to see you getting out.† â€Å"You’re lying.† â€Å"Travis, I’m crushed.† â€Å"That would be nice,† Travis said. â€Å"Now, don’t eat anybody.† â€Å"I just ate last night. I don’t even feel hungry. I’ll just sit here and meditate.† Travis reached into the inside pocket of his sport coat and pulled out a comic book. â€Å"I got this for you.† He held it out to the demon. â€Å"You can look at it while you wait.† The demon fumbled the comic book away from Travis and spread it out on the seat. â€Å"Cookie Monster! My favorite! Thanks, Travis.† â€Å"See you later.† Travis got out of the car and slammed the door. Catch watched him walk across the yard. â€Å"I already looked at this one, asshole,† he hissed to himself. â€Å"When I get a new master, I will tear your arms off and eat them while you watch.† Travis looked back over his shoulder. Catch waved him on with his best effort at a smile. The doorbell rang precisely at seven. Jenny’s reactions went like this: don’t answer it, change clothes, answer it and feign sickness, clean the house, redecorate, schedule plastic surgery, change hair color, take a handful of Valium, appeal to the Goddess for divine intervention, stand here and explore the possibilities of paralyzing panic. She opened the door and smiled. â€Å"Hi.† Travis stood there in jeans and a gray herringbone tweed jacket. He was transfixed. â€Å"Travis?† Jenny said. â€Å"You’re beautiful,† he said finally. They stood in the doorway, Jenny blushing, Travis staring. Jenny had decided to stick with the black dress. Evidently it had been the right choice. A full minute passed without a word between them. â€Å"Would you like to come in?† â€Å"No.† â€Å"Okay.† She shut the door in his face. Well, that hadn’t been so bad. Now she could put on some sweatpants, load the refrigerator onto a tray, and settle down for a night in front of the television. There was a timid knock on the door. Jenny opened it again. â€Å"Sorry, I’m a little nervous,† she said. â€Å"It’s all right,† Travis said. â€Å"Shall we go?† â€Å"Sure. I’ll get my purse.† She closed the door in his face. There was an uncomfortable silence between them while they drove to the restaurant. Typically, this would be the time for trading life stories, but Jenny had resolved not to talk about her marriage, which closed most of her adult life to conversation, and Travis had resolved not to talk about the demon, which eliminated most of the twentieth century. â€Å"So,† Jenny said, â€Å"do you like Italian food?† â€Å"Yep,† Travis said. They drove in silence the rest of the way to the restaurant. It was a warm night and the Toyota had no air conditioning. Jenny didn’t dare roll down the window and risk blowing her hair. She had spent an hour styling and pinning it back so that it fell in long curls to the middle of her back. When she began to perspire, she remembered that she still had two wads of toilet paper tucked under her arms to stop the bleeding from shaving cuts. For the next few minutes all she could think of was getting to a restroom where she could remove the spotted wads. She decided not to mention it. The restaurant, the Old Italian Pasta Factory, was housed in an old creamery building, a remnant of the time when Pine Cove’s economy was based on livestock rather than tourism. The concrete floors remained intact, as did the corrugated steel roof. The owners had taken care to preserve the rusticity of the structure, while adding the warmth of a fireplace, soft lighting, and the traditional red-and-white tablecloths of an Italian restaurant. The tables were small but comfortably spaced, and each was decorated with fresh flowers and a candle. The Pasta Factory, it was agreed, was the most romantic restaurant in the area. As soon as the hostess seated them, Jenny excused herself to the restroom. â€Å"Order whatever wine you want,† she said, â€Å"I’m not picky.† â€Å"I don’t drink, but if you want some†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"No, that’s fine. It’ll be a nice change.† As soon as Jenny left, the waitress – an efficient-looking woman in her thirties – came to the table. â€Å"Good evening, sir. What can I bring you to drink this evening?† She pulled her order pad out of her pocket in a quick, liquid movement, like a gunslinger drawing a six-shooter. A career waitress, Travis thought. â€Å"I thought I’d wait for the lady to return,† he said. â€Å"Oh, Jenny. She’ll have an herbal tea. And you want, let’s see†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She looked him up and down, crossed-referenced him, pigeonholed him, and announced, â€Å"You’ll have some sort of imported beer, right?† â€Å"I don’t drink, so†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I should have known.† The waitress slapped her forehead as if she’d just caught herself in the middle of a grave error, like serving the salad with plutonium instead of creamy Italian. â€Å"Her husband is a drunk; it’s only natural that she’d go out with a nondrinker on the rebound. Can I bring you a mineral water?† â€Å"That would be fine,† Travis said. The waitress’s pen scratched, but she did not look at the order pad or lose her â€Å"we aim to please† smile. â€Å"And would you like some garlic bread while you’re waiting?† â€Å"Sure,† Travis said. He watched the waitress walk away. She took small, quick, mechanical steps, and was gone to the kitchen in an instant. Travis wondered why some people seemed to be able to walk faster than he could run. They’re professionals, he thought. Jenny took five minutes to get all the toilet paper unstuck from her underarms, and there had been an embarrassing moment when another woman came into the restroom and found her before the mirror with her elbow in the air. You read "Practical Demonkeeping Chapter 14-15" in category "Essay examples" When she returned to the table, Travis was staring over a basket of garlic bread. She saw the herbal tea on the table and said, â€Å"How did you know?† â€Å"Psychic, I guess,† he said. â€Å"I ordered garlic bread.† â€Å"Yes,† she said, seating herself. They stared at the garlic bread as if it were a bubbling caldron of hemlock. â€Å"You like garlic bread?† she asked. â€Å"Love it. And you?† â€Å"One of my favorites,† she said. He picked up the basket and offered it to her. â€Å"Have some?† â€Å"Not right now. You go ahead.† â€Å"No thanks, I’m not in the mood.† He put the basket down. The garlic bread lay there between them, steaming with implications. They, of course, must both eat it or neither could. Garlic bread meant garlic breath. There might be a kiss later, maybe more. There was just too damn much intimacy in garlic bread. They sat in silence, reading the menu; she looking for the cheapest entree, which she had no intention of eating; and he, looking for the item that would be the least embarrassing to eat in front of someone. â€Å"What are you going to have?† she asked. â€Å"Not spaghetti,† he snapped. â€Å"Okay.† Jenny had forgotten what dating was like. Although she couldn’t remember for sure, she thought that she might have gotten married to avoid ever having to go through this kind of discomfort again. It was like driving with the emergency brake set. She decided to release the brake. â€Å"I’m starved. Pass the garlic bread.† Travis smiled. â€Å"Sure.† He passed it to her, then took a piece for himself. They paused in midbite and eyed each other across the table like two poker players on the bluff. Jenny laughed, spraying crumbs all over the table. The evening was on. â€Å"So, Travis, what do you do?† â€Å"Date married women, evidently.† â€Å"How did you know?† â€Å"The waitress told me.† â€Å"We’re separated.† â€Å"Good,† he said, and they both laughed. They ordered, and as dinner progressed they found common ground in the awkwardness of the situation. Jenny told Travis about her marriage and her job. Travis made up a history of working as a traveling insurance salesman with no real ties to home or family. In a frank exchange of truth for lies, they found they liked each other – were, in fact, quite taken with one another. They left the restaurant arm in arm, laughing. 15 RACHEL Rachel Henderson lived alone in a small house that lay amid a grove of eucalyptus trees at the edge of the Beer Bar cattle ranch. The house was owned by Jim Beer, a lanky, forty-five-year-old cowboy who lived with his wife and two children in a fourteen-room house his grandfather had built on the far side of the ranch. Rachel had lived on the ranch for five years. She had never paid any rent. Rachel had met Jim Beer in the Head of the Slug Saloon when she first arrived in Pine Cove. Jim had been drinking all day and was feeling the weight of his rugged cowboy charisma when Rachel sat down on the bar stool next to him and put a newspaper on the bar. â€Å"Well, darlin’, I’m damned if you’re not a fresh wind on a stale pasture. Can I buy you a drink?† The banjo twang in Jim’s accent was pure Oklahoma, picked up from the hands that had worked the Beer Bar when Jim was a boy. Jim was the third generation of Beers to work the ranch and would probably be the last. His teenage son, Zane Grey Beer, had decided early on that he would rather ride a surfboard than a horse. That was part of the reason that Jim was drinking away the afternoon at the Slug. That, and the fact that his wife had just purchased a new Mercedes turbo-diesel wagon that cost the annual net income of the Beer Bar Ranch. Rachel unfolded the classified section of the Pine Cove Gazette on the bar. â€Å"Just an orange juice, thanks. I’m house hunting today.† She curled one leg under herself on the bar stool. â€Å"You don’t know anybody that has a house for rent, do you?† Jim Beer would look back on that day many times in the years to come, but he could never quite remember what had happened next. What he did remember was driving his pickup down the back road into the ranch with Rachel following behind in an old Volkswagen van. From there his memory was a montage of images: Rachel naked on the small bunk, his turquoise belt buckle hitting the wooden floor with a thud, silk scarves tied around his wrists, Rachel bouncing above him – riding him like a bronco – climbing back into his pickup after sundown, sore and sweaty, leaning his forehead on the wheel of the truck and thinking about his wife and kids. In the five years since, Jim Beer had never gone near the little house on the far side of the ranch. Every month he penciled the rent collected into a ledger, then deposited cash from his poker fund in the business checking account to cover it. A few of his friends had seen him leave the Head of the Slug with Rachel that afternoon. When they saw him again, they ribbed him, made crude jokes, and asked pointed questions. Jim answered the jibes by pushing his summer Stetson back on his head and saying: â€Å"Boys, all I got to say is that male menopause is a rough trail to ride.† Hank Williams couldn’t have sung it any sadder. After Jim left that evening Rachel picked several gray hairs from the bunk’s pillow. Around the hairs she carefully tied a single red thread, which she knotted twice. Two knots were enough for the bond she wanted over Jim Beer. She placed the tiny bundle in a babyfood jar, labeled it with a marking pen, and stored it away in a cupboard over the kitchen sink. Now the cupboard was full of jars, each one containing a similar bundle, each bundle tied with a red thread. The number of knots in the thread varied. Three of the bundles were tied with four knots. These contained the hair of men Rachel had loved. Those men were long gone. The rest of Rachel’s house was decorated with objects of power: eagle feathers, crystals, pentagrams, and tapestries embroidered with magic symbols. There was no evidence of a past in Rachel’s house. Any photos she had of herself had been taken after she arrived in Pine Cove. People who knew Rachel had no clue as to where she had lived or who she had been before she came to town. They knew her as a beautiful, mysterious woman who taught aerobics for a living. Or they knew her as a witch. Her past was an enigma, which was just the way she wanted it. No one knew that Rachel had grown up in Bakersfield, the daughter of an illiterate oil-field worker. They didn’t know that she had been a fat, ugly little girl who spent most of her life doing degrading things for disgusting men so that she might receive some sort of acceptance. Butterflies do not wax nostalgic about the time they spent as caterpillars. Rachel had married a crop-duster pilot who was twenty years her senior. She was eighteen at the time. It happened in the front seat of a pickup truck in the parking lot of a roadhouse outside of Visalia, California. The pilot, whose name was Merle Henderson, was still breathing hard and Rachel was washing the foul taste out of her mouth with a lukewarm Budweiser. â€Å"If you do that again, I’ll marry you,† Merle gasped. An hour later they were flying over the Mojave desert, heading for Las Vegas in Merle’s Cessna 152. Merle came at ten thousand feet. They were married under a neon arch in a ramshackle, concrete-block chapel just off the Vegas strip. They had known each other exactly six hours. Rachel regarded the next eight years of her life as her term on the wheel of abuse. Merle Henderson deposited her in his house trailer by the landing strip and kept her there. He allowed her to visit town once a week to go to the laundromat and the grocery store. The rest of her time was spent waiting on or waiting for Merle and helping him work on his planes. Each morning Merle took off in the crop duster, taking with him the keys to the pickup. Rachel spent the days cleaning up the trailer, eating, and watching television. She grew fatter and Merle began to refer to her as his fat little mama. What little self-esteem she had drained away and was absorbed by Merle’s overpowering male ego. Merle had flown helicopter gunships in Vietnam and he still talked about it as the happiest time in his life. When he opened the tanks of insecticide over a field of lettuce, he imagined he was releasing air-to-ground missiles into a Vietnamese village. The Army had sensed a destructive edge in Merle, Vietnam had honed it to razor sharpness, and it had not dulled when he came home. Until he married Rachel, he released his pent-up violence by starting fights in bars and flying with dangerous abandon. With Rachel waiting for him at home, he went to bars less often and released his aggression on her in the form of constant criticism, verbal abuse, and finally, beatings. Rachel bore the abuse as if it were a penance sent down by God for the sin of being a woman. Her mother had endured the same sort of abuse from her father, with the same resignation. It was just the way things worked. Then, one day, while Rachel was waiting at the laundromat for Merle’s shirts to dry, a woman approached her. It was the day after a particularly vicious beating and Rachel’s face was bruised and swollen. â€Å"It’s none of my business,† the woman said. She was tall and stately and in her mid-forties. She had a way about her that frightened Rachel, a presence, but her voice was soft and strong. â€Å"But when you get some time, you might read this.† She held out a pamphlet to Rachel and Rachel took it. The title was The Wheel of Abuse. â€Å"There are some numbers in the back that you can call. Everything will be okay,† the woman said. Rachel thought it a strange thing to say. Everything was okay. But the woman had impressed her, so she read the pamphlet. It talked about human rights and dignity and personal power. It spoke to Rachel about her life in a way that she had never thought possible. The Wheel of Abuse was her life story. How did they know? Mostly it talked about courage to change. She kept the pamphlet and hid it away in a box of tampons under the bathroom sink. It stayed there for two weeks. Until the morning she ran out of coffee. She could hear the sound of Merle’s plane disappearing in the distance as she stared into the mirror at the bloody hole where her front teeth used to be. She dug out the pamphlet and called one of the numbers on the back. Within a half hour two women arrived at the trailer. They packed Rachel’s belongings and drove her to the shelter. Rachel wanted to leave a note for Merle, but the two women insisted that it was not a good idea. For the next three weeks Rachel lived at the shelter. The women at the shelter cared for her. They gave her food and understanding and affection, and in return they asked only that she acknowledge her own dignity. When she made the call to Merle to tell him where she was, they all stood by her. Merle promised that it would all change. He missed her. He needed her. She returned to the trailer. For a month Merle did not hit her. He did not touch her at all. He didn’t even speak to her. The women at the shelter had warned her about this type of abuse: the withdrawal of affection. When she brought it up to Merle one evening while he was eating, he threw a plate in her face. Then he proceeded to give her the worst beating of her life. Afterward he locked her outside the trailer for the night. The trailer was fifteen miles from the nearest neighbor, so Rachel was forced to cower under the front steps to escape the cold. She was not sure she could walk fifteen miles. In the middle of the night Merle opened the door and shouted, â€Å"By the way, I ripped the phone out, so don’t waste your time thinking about it.† He slammed and locked the door. When the sun broke in the east, Merle reappeared. Rachel had crawled under the trailer, where he could not reach her. He lifted the plastic skirting and shouted to her, â€Å"Listen, bitch, you’d better be here when I get home or you’ll get worse.† Rachel waited in the darkness under the trailer until she heard the biplane roar down the strip. She climbed out and watched the plane climb gradually into the distance. Although it hurt her face, and the cuts on her mouth split open, she couldn’t help smiling. She had discovered her personal power. It lay hidden under the trailer in a five-gallon asphalt can, now half full of aviation grade motor oil. A policeman came to the trailer that afternoon. His jaw was set with the stoic resolve of a man who knows he has an unpleasant task to perform and is determined to do it, but when he saw Rachel sitting on the steps of the trailer, the color drained from his face and he ran to her. â€Å"Are you all right?† Rachel could not speak. Garbled sounds bubbled from her broken mouth. The policeman drove her to the hospital in his cruiser. Later, after she had been cleaned up and bandaged, the policeman came to her room and told her about the crash. It seemed that Merle’s biplane lost power after a pass over a field. He was unable to climb fast enough to avoid a high-tension tower and flaming bits of Merle were scattered across a field of budding strawberries. Later, at the funeral, Rachel would comment, â€Å"It was how he would have wanted to go.† A few weeks later a man from the Federal Aviation Administration came around the trailer asking questions. Rachel told him that Merle had beat her, then had stormed out to the plane and taken off. The F.A.A. concluded that Merle, in his anger, had forgotten to check out his plane thoroughly before taking off. No one ever suspected Rachel of draining the oil out of the plane. How to cite Practical Demonkeeping Chapter 14-15, Essay examples

Garbage Can Theory of Decision Making free essay sample

Organizational Behavior November 17, 2011 Professor: Arlene McConville Module 6 Journal Entry 1 Decision-Making Process The theory of the garbage can model as a decision making vehicle according to the original authors is based upon the assumption that â€Å"decision opportunities are fundamentally ambiguous stimuli† (Cohen, March Olsen, 2001). This concept lends itself well to the organized anarchies that are associated with educational institutions where the authors appear to have formed their theory. They examine concepts such as solutions looking for problems and outcomes being streams of interrelations between problems, Solutions, Participants and Choice opportunities. These concepts are then mapped to a simulation model using a set of processing assumptions based on a set of variables to create a mathematical model. The garbage can concept comes from all these streams of input going into the decision process at different times and seeing what sticks to what at any given time. Hence the decision process is the garbage can and the input going into that process is the garbage. We will write a custom essay sample on Garbage Can Theory of Decision Making or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In my personal experience I can see this model come into play when politics are involved. I have worked in the Information Technology field for thirty plus years and can unequivocally state that in the case of technical problems a rational process must be and is used to arrive at a solution or a set of solutions. The Garbage Can theory becomes a factor when you present the various technical solutions to leadership for a decision on which of the proposed solutions to implement. Depending upon which person or persons really understands the problem/solution, when that person or persons choose to look into the problem, where they sit in the command structure, and how important the problem appears to them at the time is how that decision will be arrived at. This is usually not the best decision from a technical standpoint but the one we have to live with. References Cohen, M. , March, J. , Olsen, J. (2001)

Public Health and Health Promotion free essay sample

Primary prevention measures include activities that help avoid a given health care problem. Examples include passive and active immunization against disease as well as health protecting education and counseling promoting the use of automobile passenger restraints and bicycle helmets. Since successful primary prevention helps avoid the suffering, cost and burden associated with disease, it is typically considered the most cost-effective form of health care. Secondary prevention measures as those that identify and treat asymptomatic persons who have already developed risk factors or preclinical disease but in whom the condition is not clinically apparent. These activities are focused on early case findings of asymptomatic disease that occurs commonly and has significant risk for negative outcome without treatment. Screening tests are examples of secondary prevention activities, as these are done on those without clinical presentation of disease that has a significant latency period such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, breast and prostate cancer. With early case finding, the natural history of disease or how the course of an illness unfolds over time without treatment can often be altered to maximize well-being and minimize suffering. We will write a custom essay sample on Public Health and Health Promotion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Tertiary prevention activities involve the care of established disease, with attempts made to restore to highest function, minimize the negative effects of disease, and prevent disease-related complications. Since the disease is now established, primary prevention activities may have been unsuccessful. Early detection through secondary prevention may have minimized the impact of the disease. Due Date: Nov 03, 2013 23:59:59 Max Points: 100 Details: From the GCU Library, select and review three recent (published within the last five years) journal articles (one of each of the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of health promotion) in nursing practice. Prepare an essay (750-1,000) words in which you review and compare the three articles you have selected for this assignment. Address the following: 1) How is health promotion defined? Health Promotion is defined by the means of assisting people to gain the best quality of health. This definition can be defined in ways of education, screening, vaccinating, and follow-up care. Health promotion takes place in a variety of areas and on several levels of care. It could take place at the Primary Care Physicians office, or at the local Emergency Room. It could take place at the pharmacy while a patient is picking up a prescription, or during an interview of upcoming medical services needed. There is also different level of cares that are involved with the promotion of health. First there is a primary care level, which attempts to avoid an upcoming health care problem, or disease pattern. At times, one could describe this level as the preventative level, such as a check up or general health screening exam. Second, there is a secondary level of care. This level of care is a little more specified because it looks at developing risk factors of a disease process. For example, if there was a strong history of diabetes in a family, and a family member presented to the local primary care physician office for a follow up exam, only to reveal that her was overweight,; there might be concerned drawn for the continued development of diabetes. The risk factors would be presented in this office visit and therefore a harder look at the prevention process would be initiated. Also in the secondary level of care, continued or follow-up clinical test can be performed to help track and trend ones progress or regress. Third, is the tertiary level of care. This is where the disease process or issue has shown its face, and it is now time to be reactive instead of proactive. At this level of care, the patient would be explained the possibility of risks, and a thorough evaluation would be completed to give the patient the best outcome. When the disease process gets to this point, the pother primary and secondary means of prevention have failed. With the tertiary level of care, continued follow-up and evaluation would need to be established to avoid any worsening of the disease process or worse, additional attributes that would negatively affect the patient. 2) What is the purpose of health promotion in nursing practice? 3) How are nursing roles and responsibilities evolving in health promotion? 4) Explain the implementation methods for health promotion that encompasses all areas of. Compare the three levels of health promotion prevention. This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment. Prepare this assignment according the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

Brave New World Essays (515 words) - Huxley Family, Aldous Huxley

Brave New World Chemistry is an important key to achieving a world of ?Community, Identity, and Stability? in Aldous Huxley's novel, Brave New World. Huxley himself said that the main theme of his novel is not the advancement of science as such; it is the advancement of science as it affects human individuals.? Huxley was obviously rather concerned with the use and misuse of science. As to getting his point of the amazing advancement of science across, Huxley uses a lot of detail in his settings. He uses the decanting process, the conveyor belt at the Hatchery, chemical persuasion, and the new terminology, such as the Bokanovsky Process, involved in just about everything. In a way, I see it as Huxley trying to tell us that too many great leaps in science can lead to human lethargy, taking-everything-for-granted, and forgetting real human values. While science is not quite the physical downfall of men, and it does increase material pleasures, it eats away at what makes us human. The very values and morals we have held close for generations are swept away at the enticing prospect of a vacation with soma and living only for comforts. Chemical persuasion has been used in this society to control the men and women to make them more sensitive to suggestion. Science, according to Huxley, is a necessary evil today, which will grow to uncontrollable yet irrefutable stature in society. He uses his novel to criticize our obsession with science over moral values. The setting of Brave New World uses science and chemistry to justify and establish a society designed by eugenics to improve the quality of the human race in breeding. People poisoned as fetuses perform menial, low paid work. As the Director says, Epsilon workers must have an Epsilon heritage, as well as an Epsilon environment. He voices the assumption that Epsilon embryos are genetically inferior. Even the happiness is drug-induced by a drug called soma. Whenever anything upsetting occurs the society has been trained to reach for their soma. There never any instability because once something goes wrong there is the possibility of going on a soma-holiday. The very idea of Neo-Pavlovian Conditioning was used to create a society of ?Community, Identity, and Stability.? A community in which the idea of individualism and independent thought are dangerous to the balance of society. As soon as someone starts to have individualistic thoughts they're shipped off to an island. An identity where chemistry is used to make everyone be thought of as part of a group in their own class system. I don't like Gamma's. They wear green. I'm glad I'm not an alpha, they do so much work but that's because they're so bright. Everyone in the society knows exactly who he or she is and what he or she likes. There is no questioning. Everything is certain and the same in their own class system. A stability in the society is to keep the ?civilized world? strong enough to resist the outside reservation life not living by the same standards. English Essays

Multiculturalism from a cognitive perspective essayEssay Writing Service

Multiculturalism from a cognitive perspective essayEssay Writing Service Multiculturalism from a cognitive perspective essay Multiculturalism from a cognitive perspective essayThe knowledge of human development is crucial for the adequate understanding of specific needs of clients by a clinical mental health counselor. Clinical mental health counselors should be aware of the human development and the impact of the specific stage of the cognitive development of clients on their mental health, physical health, and their current condition. At the same time, clinical mental health counselors should take into consideration individual peculiarities of each client, which may affect the current condition and mental health of each client since stages of cognitive development are not identical and may have certain variations depending on the individual peculiarities, personal traits of character, social environment and other factors.Why is knowledge of human development over the lifespan important for Clinical Mental Health Counselors to be aware of?Discuss how an understanding of human growth and development can as sist the clinical mental health counselor, described,   critiqued and support with cited referencesThe understanding of human growth and development can help the clinical mental health counselor to perform his/her professional functions effectively. In fact, the clinical mental health counselor can use the knowledge of human growth and development to determine specificities of the particular stage of the development of a client and develop the strategy of work with the client on the ground of this information (Gregas, 2006). For example, if a clinical mental health counselor deals with an adolescent client, he/she should be aware of the fact that adolescents are inclined to the unstable behavior because of consistent changes that occur at this stage of their cognitive and physiological development. In such a case, some ‘unusual’ behavior patterns may be explained by the use of drugs because the risk of drug abuse among adolescents is high. As a result, some mental hea lth problems in adolescents may be explained by such issues as drug abuse, while older patients have lower risks of the development of such problems caused by the drug abuse. In fact, such nuances can be traced at different stages of the cognitive development of individuals and the transition to every new stage is accompanied by changes which may have certain impact on their mental health or psychological condition.At the same time, the analysis of the mental health and psychological condition of patients along with the analysis of their specific stage of their cognitive development allows the clinical mental health counselor to identify disturbing issues in the development and growth of the client. For example, if psychological tests, analysis of the physiological and psychological development of the client reveal the fact that the current stage of the cognitive development does not match the age of the client, then this means that the client has problems in his/her cognitive devel opment and probably mental health (Gregas, 2006). For example, if a client has reached adulthood physiologically being at the age of 22, but preserves models of behavior and manifests the level of the cognitive development that is normally attributed to adolescents, then the client may have considerable mental health problems, which clinical mental health counselors should come prepared to deal with the client, whose psychological development, the level of language development and the overall emotional and mental development do not match the actual age of the client and the cognitive stage the client had to reach by that age.In such a way, the understanding of human growth and development facilitates the work of the clinical mental health counselor and complements basic approaches to counseling. At the same time, clinical mental health counselors should not rely entirely on human growth and cognitive development of individuals in the development of the treatment plan and delivery of counseling services to clients (Tummala-Narra, 2013). In this respect, they should take into consideration personal specificities of each client and develop the personalized approach to each customer, taking into consideration general understanding of human growth and development. The understanding of specificities of human growth and development complements the professional knowledge of clinical mental health counselors but do not replace it. Therefore, clinical mental health counselors should elaborate effective approaches to the work with each client. In this regard, clinical mental health counselors should combine their knowledge and understanding of mental health of their clients along with the general understanding of human growth and development to avoid pitfalls, when they may misinterpret some normal problems in the personal cognitive development that individuals may have and diagnose them as mental health issues.Discuss and indicated a basic understanding of why the knowl edge of human development over the lifespan is important and applied information to the field of clinical mental health counseling and supported information with cited references.In fact, the understanding of human growth and development is important because it expands the knowledge of clinical mental health counselors about their clients and their development. In such a way, the understanding of human growth and development contributes to the elaboration of the holistic approach to the development of the counseling plan for each particular client. The human growth and development affects the personal development of clients. For example, some psychological problems experienced by clients in the childhood may have a considerable impact on their adult life (Watts, 2003). As a result, mental health problems of clients of clinical mental health counselors may have roots in their poor cognitive development. In such a way, clinical mental health counselors can conduct the in-depth analysi s of mental health and psychological problems of their clients and elaborate effective treatment. Therefore, clinical mental health counselor can develop effective strategies of the treatment which are impossible without understanding of the human growth and development.Furthermore, the understanding of the human growth and development contributes to the enhancement of the counseling services delivered by the clinical mental health counselor to clients. In this respect, it is worth mentioning the fact that the understanding of the specific stage of the cognitive development of clients can help the clinical mental health counselor to identify current needs of clients, their problems and possible solutions to those problems (Lucke, 2014). In such a way, the understand of how clients grow and develop can help the clinical mental health counselor to identify effective ways to reach the actual level of the cognitive development as well as to find effective ways to reach positive trends i n the cognitive development of clients along with the elaboration of positive behavioral patterns. Thus, the understanding of human growth and development can help the clinical mental health counselor to stimulate the development of positive behavioral patterns and tackle those mental health problems, which the clinical mental health counselor identifies in clients.Multiculturalism from a cognitive perspective essay part 2