Death of a Salesman Illusion vs Reality - 1336 Words

Families always have their share of problems. Some may be minor such as having to cope with a disobedient teenager or an irritable child. Others may be more serious and sometimes beyond repair, like having to deal with lack of communication, secrets being kept from one another or possibly a temperamental father. An example of this dysfunctional family can be found in the tragic play Death of a Salesman written by Arthur Miller. The family presented in this play is the Loman family. They drown themselves in each others lies and dreams in hope of solving their problems, only to cause the destruction of their family. Until you are ready to face reality, living in an illusive world, will lead your life to be full of misery. Willy Loman, the†¦show more content†¦After his moment of realization while waiting in Bill Olivers office, Biff learns that his life up until now has been a complete fantasy; he no longer wants to pretend to be something he is not. During the funeral scene B iff finally breaks with his father and decides to go back west to do what he wants to do. He finally knows who he is and his position in the world.Show MoreRelatedThemes Of Death Of A Salesman1286 Words   |  6 PagesA Blanketed Illusion Death of a Salesman is a tragicomedy centered on the events that take place at the end of Willy Loman’s life. From the opening act, we learn that Willy and his family struggle to behave as a united front when they face financial pressures and strained familial bonds. This causes Willy to become desperate for success and validation. Death of a Salesman has commonly been interpreted as an analysis of the American dream. Within the ideal American society, citizens believe that theRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1628 Words   |  7 PagesArthur Miller wrote the Pulitzer Prize winning play Death of a Salesman in 1949. The play inflated the myth of the American Dream of prosperity and recognition, that hard work and integrity brings, but the play compels the world to see the ugly truth that capitalism and the materialistic world distort honesty and moral ethics. The play is a guide toward contemporary themes foreseen of the twentieth century, which are veiled with greed, power, and betrayal. Miller’s influence with the play spreadRead MoreArthur Miller and His Theater of Mirrors. Reflections on the Persuasiveness of Miller’s Multiple Portrays of American Society2367 Words   |  10 Pagesmajor points in Miller’s work, as he represents the non-learning of American society in every single of his plays. It seems that Miller sacrifices his characters to build a metaphor of how American men and women keep on chasing one of the biggest illusions a society did and still does pursue. Some of them got the belief stuck in their souls and minds so they do not chase it anymore but are trapped on it. Some others are struggling to make sense of their world while being bombarded by their own familiesRead MoreEssay on Death of a Salesman and Street Car Named Desire4007 Words   |  17 PagesBiff: â€Å"will you take that phony dream and burn it before something happens† Compare how the authors of Death of a salesman and â€Å"street car named desire explore the conflict between truth and illusion Truth and illusion are utilized in Tennessee Williams â€Å"Streetcar Named Desire† and Arthur Millers â€Å"Death of a salesman† through the use of the character; to lead the reader to a possible conclusion on the beliefs that went into the American dream that prompted people to work hard was that americaRead MoreDeath of a Salesman (Analysis and Personal Reaction)2850 Words   |  12 PagesDeath of Salesman is a a very deep play written by Arthur Miller about a salesman struggling to keep his grip on reality and his family. This play is a memory play, switching from present to past and vice versa whenever Willy, the salesman and father of the family, has a moment of insanity and returns to times gone by. Being memory, it allows for music to announce emotions and characters, and well as exaggerations and/or omissions. As Tom says in Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie: Being aRead MoreAristoles View on Drama1347 Words   |  6 Pagesto feel sorry and fear for them because they may or may not meet a similar fate. Aristotle thought that after watching a tragedy the audience would feel relived because they just released these unconscious pent up emotions. Introduction Death of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller, and Othello, by William Shakespeare are two plays that each represent the genre of tragedy. The fundamental difference in these two representations of tragedy are the time at which they were written. Shakespeare wrote hisRead MoreLiterary Review of Rabbit Run by John Updike Essays3013 Words   |  13 PagesRabbit is a brainless guy whose career as a high school basketball star peaked at age 18. In his wifes view, he was, before their early, hasty marriage, already drifting downhill. We meet him for the first time in this novel, when he is 22, and a salesman in the local department store. Married to the second best sweetheart of his high school years, he is the father of a preschool son and husband to an alcoholic wife. We are at ground zero watching Rabbit struggle with aging, religion, sexuality (particularlyRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House 1325 Words   |  6 Pagesabout his origins and inadvertent crimes. The prophet Tiresias, literally blind, sees the truth and relays what is revealed to him. â€Å"Though Oedipus future is predicted by the gods, even after being warned by Tiresias, he cannot see the truth or reality beforehand because his excessive pride has blinded his vision†¦Ã¢â‚¬ [1] Only after Oedipus has physically blinded himself does he gain a limited ability to see. It is deliberately ironic that the seer can see better than Oedipus, despite being blindRead MoreCoaching Salespeople Into Sales Champions110684 Words   |  443 Pagesalways be my greatest source of inspiration. I am forever grateful to have you in my life. ––––––––––––––––––––––––––– C ONTENTS –––––––––––––––––––––––––– About the Author Acknowledgments Introduction xiii xv xvii CHAPTER ONE The Death of Management 1 Becoming an Executive Sales Coach But I’m Already Coaching . . . Making the Shift from Sales Manager to Executive Sales Coach The Missing Discipline of Sales Coaching Deï ¬ ning the Role of a Sales Coach A Coach versus a Mentor NineRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesmeet your full expectations and be an effective instructional tool. Although case books abound, you and your students may find this somewhat unique and very readable, a book that can help transform dry and rather remote concepts into practical reality, and lead to lively class discussions, and even debates. In the gentle environment of the classroom, students can hone their analytical skills and also their persuasive skills—not selling products but selling their ideas—and defend them against

The Fight Against Topics for Persuasive Essay Middle School

The Fight Against Topics for Persuasive Essay Middle School Spam mail needs to be outlawed. We'll deal with them, and for a sensible price, as we understand that students generally don't have a great deal of money to spare. Students would be asked to brainstorm the advantages and disadvantages of allowing cell phones in class. For example, they could choose to argue for the addition of a swimming pool or better school lunches. A minumum of one parent should work at home. It is inclined to prove a point. You are able to write down conflicting thesis statement, as a way to gauge the power each carries. All persuasive essays are like argumentative essays. You should have your reasons, and our principal concern is that you wind up getting a great grade. There's, naturally, a limit on the variety of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. Let us learn more on this. MP3 music needs to be free. Every American should learn how to speak Spanish. He should learn to speak English. Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Topics for Persuasive Essay Middle School And indeed they ought to be taught in school. SATs ought to be eliminated. Thus, it becomes even more important to begin these manners classes in school. School tests aren't powerful. Kids ought to be able to vote. Pregnant couples should get parenting lessons. Teens should be asked to take parenting classes. They should be able to choose their bedtime. Parents should speak to kids about drugs at a youthful age. Parents of bullies should need to pay a fine. Persuasive essays are an excellent approach to encourage the reader to check at a particular topic in a different light. This list of topics may offer a concept that you may get excited about. Don't forget that these are only suggestions and you must make sure your topic is original and distinctive. It's important to understand that essay topics are just basic ideas that leave you pondering a notion that might be a huge deal to somebody else. The topic ought to be debatable. Select a topic that's interesting enough. Let us elaborate on the very first topic for the time being. The subject of a persuasive essay is extremely important because it is going to decide the total range of your paper. It basically, attempts to persuade a reader to have a stance on a particular topic. As you pay for homework, we provide those options free of charge. However, students undertaking this kind of argument has to be cautious not to come off as if they're shirking responsibility. Unless and until you're sure in regards to the topic, do not finalise anything. After you have the topic, answer the question and support your answer with three or more explanations for why you believe it. There are a few great topics to take into account when selecting topic for your argumentative essay.

Internal Process Management Competencies in Boost Juice Bars

Question: which details how one of the Internal Process Management Competencies (Working and Managing across Functions) has been experienced in the workplace? Answer: I knew that I have to learn about the adult world and the nature of the workforce, but I was prepared to work hard to earn my place. In the beginning it was slightly overwhelming but now I have completed one month. Now, I find myself working confidently through the fundamental aspects of daily life in the boost juice bar. The company started its operation in the year 2000 and it had developed throughout the years. I have observed that the company is focusing in the internal management issues to continue its growth (Boostjuice.com.au 2016). The management of the company concentrates on the monitoring and controlling aspects. Controlling is a key management function and there are five competencies that develop it. The competencies are planning and coordination of projects, organizing the proper flow of information, encouraging compliance, working and managing the functions and measuring performance and the quality of work (Robbins et al. 2013) The management of the company wants to coordinate the information among the employees of different department. I have observed that they are focusing on the working and managing across factions. Sometimes the work load increased to a great extent when the supply of food should match the customer needs. The management works very efficiently to make up the customer needs. A situation came when there was a big order which should be completed and delivered within a particular time. At first the work seemed to be very complicated and difficult. A proper plan was made by the management to deliver the orders according to the requirement. All the employees started working to complete the project according to the works that is assigned to them. The roles of the employees were made clear by the managers and each department was given a particular task. Each teams focused on their job and the total work was distributed. The management efficiently managed the whole situation and the huge amount o f work gets completed within the stipulated time. It was an informal work design but it was the perfect decision to overcome the situation. Important issues for a team is decision making, responsibility, authority and cross training. Here the course of work is carried out after the planning is made (Wseke 2012). The staffs might be temporarily assigned with some other department to do a particular work with the staffs of other department. It might be an informal way to carry out an operation but the project can be completed within the time frame. The managers are not only satisfied with the outcomes of the project but are also satisfied with the engagement of efficient employees to a particular job. The resources of an organization can be used efficiently with this management process (Ageron, Gunasekaran and Spalanzani 2012). The organizational structure did not face much problem due to the informal work design. The information within the organization gets transferred without facing much difficulty. The departments which form the organization are accounts, human resource, marketing and manufacturing. To overcome some tough situation the workflow, tasks, reporting and communication system is developed to link the work of different groups. There are some principal which should be followed to make the process simple. Each employee should receive a task from only one person and the communication process from the top management to the bottom level employees should be very clear. The traditional structure in the organization was functional structure, divisional structure and matrix structure which was a combination of functional and divisional structure (Subramanian and Ramanathan 2012).The members from different functional departments can organize a task to overcome a situation. Sometimes the total work gets allocated according to the project. To perform a particular project employees from different departments are allocated and after the completion of the project the employees go to the respective departments. There may be certain situation when the employees may resist to follow the instructions and decisions made by the management. The detailed attention to a particular work may disturb bigger goals and new initiatives. The complexity within departments increases with people from different knowledge groups. The availability of the right and efficient person is very less who can manage the total situation (Smith, Thorpe and Jackson 2012). To conclude the matter, the management makes decisions that suit the business. Sometimes the decisions may be informal but it may be beneficial for the organization. The managers are concerned about the goals of the company, accountability, transforming information to the employees, etc. The company can experience a steady growth with good leadership, encouraged people and good team bonding. References Ageron, B., Gunasekaran, A. and Spalanzani, A., 2012. Sustainable supply management: An empirical study.International Journal of Production Economics,140(1), pp.168-182. Boostjuice.com.au. (2016). Boost Juice. [online] Available at: https://www.boostjuice.com.au/ [Accessed 21 Dec. 2016]. Easterby-Smith, M., Thorpe, R. and Jackson, P.R., 2012.Management research. Sage. Robbins, S., De Cenzo, D., Coulter, M. and Woods, M., 2013.Management: the essentials. Pearson Higher Education AU. Subramanian, N. and Ramanathan, R., 2012. A review of applications of Analytic Hierarchy Process in operations management.International Journal of Production Economics,138(2), pp.215-241. Weske, M., 2012. Business process management architectures. InBusiness Process Management(pp. 333-371). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Study notes on Cavalier Poetry and Cavalier Poets Essay Example For Students

Study notes on Cavalier Poetry and Cavalier Poets Essay The common factors that bind the cavaliers and the metaphysical poets are the following: Their use of colloquial, conversational style, Cavaliers sometimes strives to imitate highly intellectual metaphysical conceits, Departure from Patriarchate influence: the lady is no longer an object of desire to be admired from a far, but an actual collector, to whom the poem is addressed as an argument usually trying to induce them to exercise their sexuality (Had we but world enough, and time, this coyness, lady, were no crime, see Andrew Marvel, To His Coy Mistress; Although their poetry was not that innovative and original, the cavaliers made one great contribution to the English poetry: they introduced the possibility of writing memos about the minor pleasures and troubles of life. They treated the subject in such a way as to impress us with a sense of ordinary day-to-day living. We will write a custom essay on Study notes on Cavalier Poetry and Cavalier Poets specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Cavalier poetry gives off their enjoyment of the casual; their poems seem to be written by the way. They generally avoided the grave subjects of religion. They never dabbled in explorations of the depths and intricacies the human soul. For them life was far too enjoyable to be spending it in a study. The poem writing was no grueling task but a part of everyday living. They were cavaliers not only because they were Royalists, but also because they ere typical gentlemen of the court: gallant lovers, soldiers with a great sense of duty (l could not love thee (dear) so much loved I no honor more, see Richard Lovelace, To Lucas, Going to the Wars), casual philosophers, artists, musicians, and poets. Robert Herein (1591-1674) Although Herring, a clergyman, was detached from the court, his short, fluent, graceful lyrics, and his carper diem themes are typical of the cavalier style. He wrote a lot about the country, combining classical paganism and English folk themes. Hayricks character was indeed an unusual blend. He was a hedonist, a country arson, and a great lover of the ancient pagan customs, which enabled him to produce his own synthesis of classical, Christian, and English traditions which is unique in the 17th century English literature. He also wrote numerous poems, with a degree of metaphysical style, about a mistress called Julia (or some other classical name) in which he expressed his delight in love. See Cherry Ripe, and Gather Ye Rose Buds) In dealing with country themes such as flowers, Herring uses conceits which are neither Patriarchate nor metaphysical. He often associates the short-lived flowers with the transitiveness of human life. Thomas care (1594/5-1640) Ca res work is influenced by both Johnson and Done. His poems were occasional amatory lyrics, which were addressed to and circled among the members of the court. In combining the classical influence of Johnson and his carefully controlled style, with the metaphysical influence of Done and his introspective psychological curiosity, Care created a mixture that is representative of Cavalier poetry: polished, Joyous, witty, notable for its ease of language. His love poems have all of the Cavalier gallantry, yet they reveal a deep cynicism at their core. Richard Lovelace (1618-58) Lovelace is the truest Cavalier. His work is gallant, courteous and chivalrous. He wrote about love, honor and war and sometimes combined the three, producing what I deem to be the best example of Cavalier poetry: To Lucas, Going to the Wars Tell me not (Sweet) I am unkind, That from the nunnery Of thy chaste breast and quiet mind To war and arms I fly. True, a new mistress now I chase, The first foe in the field; And with a stronger faith embrace A sword, a horse, a shield. Yet this inconstancy is such As you too shall adore; I could not love thee (Dear) so much, Loved I not Honor more.

Hiring Fresh Graduates Essays

Hiring Fresh Graduates Essays Hiring Fresh Graduates Essay Hiring Fresh Graduates Essay Every college or university students dream Is to get a Job, pay off debts and reach their milestones. There is a great challenge between candidates, they also deal job shortages. The challenge is not for the candidates, but the employers. Employers have to decide which candidate they should hire and how they will be beneficial for the firm. There is another dilemma for the employers, and it is that if they should hire an experienced professional or a fresh graduate. Employers should hire more fresh graduates, because they cost less, impatient to start working, remember heretical knowledge better and can be established in more complex workplaces. Firstly, fresh graduates start with low salaries. According to USA Today 56% of the employers wishes to pay under $40,000 to fresh graduates for starting salaries. Firms always want to maximize their profits and thats the main purpose of creating and managing firms. For the purpose of making profit, paying less salary too fresh graduate is a big benefit for the employer. Employers can hire and pay $ 40,000 to a fresh graduate for the position and save 20-40% more by choosing the inexperienced Individuals. The salary Is not the only way the firms can save by hiring the fresh graduate, there are more ways to save money. If the firm has an opening and trying to find a worker, experienced or not, they have to pay big amount of money to find the right employee for the opening. However, If the employer would Like to hire a fresh graduate, he/she does not have to waste that fund. The employer can be partners with any local or specific university/college and use their career center or Interview people In Career Fairs to find the perfect match for the opening. The fact that students want to make money and start building their lives, they are Impatient to get Jobs. Being a college or university student Is hard and stressful, Throughout their education in colleges or universities, students have to spend big amount of money to pay their tuition, rent, commuting, books and for other expenses. According to CB Canada. N average Canadian student debt is between $20,000 $30,000 range and the Canadian Federation of Students pegs it at $27,000, which is close to the nearly $26,300 many students said they expected to owe after graduation In a recent BOOM survey. Brittany Verge can be an example for this. Again according to CB Canada, Brittany Verge graduated in 2008 and still paying her student loans. In 5 years, she could managed to pay only $2,000 back. Student debt is difficult to pay off. For this reason fresh graduates are eager to get Jobs and pay It off as soon as possible. Another reason is that most of the people want to buy a car, house or luxury, and getting a Job is the first step in order to reach these goals. Remembering theories can be beneficial for the workers while performing tasks or jobs. Employers are depending on the younger employees to lead the company tragedy Initiatives. Fresh graduates have theoretical knowledge and more aware of the new technology and have a better knowledge of it. So their technical skills, critical and analyzing thinking efficiency are at a pick time, because all the theoretical knowledge about the subject is fresh on their minds. As a result, the fresh graduates may apply the terms and concepts to the task or research, and create innovative ideas for the improvement of the organization. Fresh graduates are waiting for opportunities to prove themselves and they are not afraid to ask questions, because hey were trained to do that at colleges and universities. Lastly, fresh graduates can be established in more compelled workplaces. A workplace is the best platform for a fresh graduate to start and get experienced. Their enthusiasm and serious manner can provide more benefits to the firm. If the firm hires an experienced professional, the firm may end up paying for additional costs like teaching the company culture. The professional will have the last companys culture and morals and making the professional learn the firms culture will be extremely difficult for the professional and can cost a lot. However, if the firm hires a fresh graduate from a university or college everything will be tremendously different. The fresh graduate will start learning the firms culture step by step from the beginning. Fresh graduate can be trained rapidly, because he/she won t be familiar with any other type of culture. According to Behaving Gandhi ,management consultant, states that less experienced people more flexible as compared to very experienced professional and according to his work experience, inexperienced workers that he worked with were willing to put in some extra time to learn new things. Fresh graduates do not have families or any commitments towards anything big and this situation lets them display more commitment towards their Job. On the other side, experienced professionals are older and mostly married, so they end up trying to balance their family and working time. In conclusion, the dilemmas answer is hiring fresh graduates. A fresh graduate costs less, impatient to start working, has better theoretical knowledge than experienced workers and can be established in more complex workplaces. The employers should stop looking at the fresh graduates and have the mindset that they do not know anything about organizations and they have no work experience. Fresh graduates can create innovative ideas and look at the tasks with a different or new perspective. Reference CB. Ca/news/Canada/average-student-debt-difficult-to-pay-off-delays-life- milestones-I . 2534974 Saturdays. Com/story/money/personalization/ 2014/04/24/college-graduates-Jobs-carbureted/80171 55/ http://behindhand. Com/ 2012/07/10/practical-tips-on-how-to-become-successful-in-life-part-l / http:// blob. Batty. Com/2014/07/six- reasons-you-should-be-hiring-fresh-graduates/

Self-Publishing vs Traditional Publishing Which Is Right For You

Self-Publishing vs Traditional Publishing Which Is Right For You Self-Publishing vs Traditional Publishing: Which one is right for you? By titling this post ‘Self-Publishing vs Traditional Publishing,’ we run the risk of suggesting that one approach is better than the other. Naturally, the traditional path to publishing is (with good reason) most alluring to writers who dream of book deals, newspaper reviews and the sight of their name on bestsellers lists. However, technology and reader behavior has changed significantly in the past decade. Self-publishing has not only become a viable alternative but, in the case of some authors, the preferred choice.In this post, we’ll go through the pros and cons of both publishing methods and help you decide which one is best for you as an author. Self-Publishing or Traditional Publishing. Which one's right for you? What’s the difference?If you need a bit of context, here’s the skinny. When we talk about traditional publishing, we’re referring to the system authors and publishers have used in almost every country for hundreds of years. In traditional publishing:Authors will ‘sell’ their book to a company, often with the help of an agent;The publisher will arrange for editing, production, distribution and marketing; andAuthors will receive a ‘royalty,’ percentage of the publisher’s cut. Do you have any questions or thoughts on this topic? Please share your comments in the box below.

Food & Beverage Operations Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Food & Beverage Operations - Case Study Example Organising helps to keep things running smoothly and saves time and unnecessary work. There should be a system in performing the tasks and responsibilities. "Food Expo 2006" was the event that the Food and Beverage course students participated in. The expo fell under the category of Function and Event Catering. This category consists of weddings, dinner dances, social functions, business functions, working lunches, meetings, and conferences. Function catering is found in the commercial and non-commercial sectors of the catering industry. One month of planning involved working with the budget, marketing, labour utilization, etc. As the planning was being done, it was also important that there was flexibility in the planning as changes usually occur in catering events. Posters were created and displayed on the notice board as part of the marketing plan. A small contribution was collected in order to estimate the number of people who would attend and to insure that the message of the event was being circulated. A total of eighteen students met three times during that month. The students were divided into four groups with different tasks. The planning involved one of the key factors and that was to plan the menu. The most important part of the event is the meal and the meal experience is an event that starts the moment guests arrive. The menu consisted of Devilled Lamb Curry with Chopped Strawberries, Chicken Chablis, Mix Steamed Vegetables with Gravy, Thai Green Fish Curry, Boiled Rice, and Side Salad. In order to make the meal experience and the event go smoothly, much had to be done behind the scene. Since the food would be prepared in one area and the dining would take place in another area, it was important that students learned that the flow of materials (food, chairs, equipment, etc.) should be as direct as possible. If there are too many cross flows of traffic and back-tracking, then the risk of hazards increases and time is also wasted. This also affects the cost of labour (in the real business world). Carts, trolleys, and other mechanical aids that are available and/or can be accessed should be used in alleviating the human handling of materials. This should be concerned in the planning process. What is needed is determined by the types of events and the budget. The traditional method of food production was how the meal was prepared as the food was purchased raw and little dependency was placed on convenience foods. Fresh fish, lamb, and other ingredients were purchased at a nearby shop. At ten o' clock on the day of the event, everyone met at the basketball ground on the top floor. The food would be prepared in a nearby classroom and it had been cleared for that specific reason. Two gas burners, aprons, and caps were provided. Students were given instructions on how to proceed with the food preparation and cooking. Various instructions were given to each group. I.e., one group's instructions included setting the table as the food would be served at one o' clock that afternoon. Another group would prepare the Chicken Chablis. The lecturer started the camcorder in order to record the day's events and all that was taking place. The lecturer interviewed the groups

International Management College Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Management College - Assignment Example Being open at the very outset will help set the mindset of the workforce, who would then be able to work with a clear set of requirements (both at an individual as well as at the organizational level). 3. Educate the workers on modern industry: the new manager also has to ensure that the Chinese workers are well-educated about changes in work practices and the way in which modern industry is profit oriented. This will pave the way for bringing out any opinions on the part of the workers, which may be addressed well in time. Such issues generally require that the manager be skilled enough so as not to offend the sentiments of the Chinese workers, which requires that the manager have prior exposure to Chinese culture and the way things need to be said and done under it. 4. Motivate workers: the new manager can help further the interests of the company by offering performance based incentives in the form of financial benefits. This requires that the manager monitor the performance of every worker and keep track of those who are performing better in comparison to others. Other sources of motivation such as promotions etc. also work a long way in this regard. 5. 5. Encourage feedback and suggestions from workers: the manager must understand the fact that it is the worker who spends most of the time in the manufacturing process, and as such has a better knowledge of how the production can be improved within the existing framework. Typical examples in this regard could be scenarios whereas certain stages of production are underutilized and others are unable to cope up with the supply and demand. Under such situations, it is the workers who can offer better suggestions. Gathering such information requires that the manager establish effective communication with the workers and make efforts to obtain feedback from them on a regular basis. CHANGES TO COMPENSATION PACKAGE Keeping in view that the manager is supposed to work in a foreign country; two important changes to the compensation package are suggested. The first and the foremost change to the compensation package would be decide the salary amount depending on the personal income tax rates of the country where the manager is supposed to work (China in this case). This is extremely crucial as tax rates vary from country to country and having a fair idea of the tax rates for a particular country is absolutely important in order to cut down on the costs (incurred in sending the expatriate to another country, which is substantially more than hiring local managers in China). Secondly, changes have to be made to the compensation package to accommodate the expenditure incurred for the purpose of schooling. This is because of the fact that the children of expatriates most likely would prefer an international school, which is quite costly in almost any city. As such, considering these costs is quite imp ortant while deciding upon the compensation package. REFERENCES 1. Geoffrey W. Latta (2006), the Future of Expatriate Compensation. Found at:

Planning Theory & Practice Essay Example for Free

Planning Theory Practice Essay The creation of a whole new type of community, the `virtual community’, has done much to highlight the potential for communities to form beyond the confines of geographic space (Rheingold, 1993). Technological utopians have found community in cyberspace. Largely anecdotal evidence emphasizes the ability of computer networks to connect people across time and space in strong supportive relationships, blindly extending beyond characteristics of ethnicity, religion or national origin. Guilty of Plagiarism  The creation of a new community, which is called a virtual community, has allowed people to live beyond geographic space. Cyberspace is where technological people have found a sense of community. Computers can connect people across time and space no matter what their characteristics (Hampton, 2002). Not Guilty of Plagiarism Keith Hampton (2002), has coined the term â€Å"virtual community† to refer to a place where people can form social groups â€Å"beyond the confines of geographic space† (p. 228). This â€Å"cyberspace† provides a chance for individuals of varying races and religions to meet and interact via computer. Many technologically savvy people now have a place to meet other without having to physically travel (Hampton, 2002). Not Guilty of Plagiarism. Computers have allowed for people to meet those of other nationalities and cultures worlds away from one another through the computer. The networking capabilities of computers allow for people to build social groups, or communities, in cyberspace rather than in person. An ocean or a mountain will no longer be able to keep these technologically savvy pioneers apart (Hampton, 2002).

anger management Essay -- essays research papers

Anger Management Anger Management Education, founded in 1994, provided education and psychotherapy to individuals to help make sense of and manage anger in their everyday lives (Anger Management 1). Anger remains a healthy emotion when expressed appropriately, although devastating effects may still exist. Anger lies at the root of many personal and social problems, such as child abuse, domestic and community violence, physical and verbal abuse. Anger also affects our physical health, by contributing to headaches, migraines, severe gastrointestinal symptoms, hypertension, and coronary artery disease. Many of us do not have the knowledge or abilities required to express our anger as a healthy emotion. As a result, some of us store and suppress our anger, while others may express it, but in negative and unhealthy ways. Doctors knew for a long time that adults who dealt with anger poorly, stand a higher chance to develop heart disease and high blood pressure problems (Leopold 2). About 20 percent of us express angry personalities, 20 percent fairly easygoing, and the remaining 60 percent of the population fall somewhere in the middle (Foltz-Gray 132). Harvard researchers found that those with higher levels of anger stood at an increased risk of heart attack (133). In a study published in Health Psychology in 1999, heart-attack patients in Canada who received anger management training made significant reduction in blood pressure levels and needed less follow up care compared w...

Facial Kinesics, Oculesics, and Kinesics Essay

1. Discuss how emotions are expressed through facial expressions. Emotion is one of the most controversial topics in psychology, a source of intense discussion and disagreement from the earliest philosophers and other thinkers to the present day. Most psychologists can probably agree on a description of emotion or what phenomena to include in a discussion of emotion. The list of these parts of emotion is called the components of emotion. These components are distinguished based on physiological or psychological factors and include emotion faces, emotion elicitors, and emotion neural processes. Neither emotion nor their expressions are concepts universally embraced by psychologists. The term expression implies the existence of something that is expressed. The behaviors referenced by expression are part of an organized emotional response, and thus, the term expression captures the behaviors’ role less adequately than a reference to it as an aspect of the emotion reaction. In addition, facial expressions have primarily a communicative function and convey something about intentions or internal state, and I find the connotation of the word expression useful. Facial expressions and emotions are directly linked to each other. Many times, we subconsciously exhibit looks and expressions on our faces that are directly linked to how we are feeling at the time. Though people regularly recognize many distinct emotions, for the most part, research studies have been limited to six basic categories and they are happiness, surprise, sadness, anger, fear, and disgust. The reason for this is grounded in the assumption that only these six categories are differentially represented by our cognitive and social systems. (Knapp, Hall & Horgan, 2014, p.261) 2. Discuss pupil dilation and constriction. Early research determined that pupil dilation and interest in the stimulus are linked. Researchers currently utilize video-based eye-tracking tools that measure where people are looking, how long they are looking at something, and how their pupils respond to what they are looking at and  doing. People’s pupils can dilate and constrict, and these eye movements signal their interest level, attitudes, memory, decision-making processes, as well as various disorders. When people are intrigued by or interested in something, they tend to look harder and focus deeper in on that particular thing. There has been so much more additional research on this topic, and many different results and ideas have been added to the causes and reasoning behind pupil dilation and constriction. Our pupils may dilate or constrict based on our attitudes. Pupils dilate for positive attitudes and constrict for negative ones. This can even include times when we receive compliments or praise for doing a goo d job. Our pupils dilate for excitement and things that feel good to us. Another study found that recognition and memory were also linked to the change in pupil size. If people saw or recognized something they have seen before, or something that brings back a fond memory, pupils tend to dilate. We link certain events to certain stimuli and research showed that this linkage created a change in eye size. Eyes may also dilate when we have reached a decision or how we are processing information. When we are in deep thought or going through the process of trying to make a difficult decision, our eyes may dilate or constrict depending on our emotions and feelings toward that particular decision or topic we are thinking over. Research shows that many different things can cause these variations in pupil size. It is hard to narrow it down to just a few things because there are so many and people react differently in every situation. Tightening muscles anywhere on the body, anticipation of a loud noise, drugs, eyelid closure, and mental effort all alter pupil size. While the visual cortex in the back of the brain assembles the images we see, a different, older part of our nervous system manages the continuous tuning of our pupil size, alongside other functions like heart rate and perspiration that operate mostly outside our conscious control. This autonomic nervous system dictates the movement of the iris, like the lens of a camera, to regulate the amount of light that enters the pupil. The iris is made of two types of muscle: in a brightly lit environment, a ring of sphincter muscles that encircle and constrict the pupil down to as little as a couple of millimeters across; in the dark, a set of dilator muscles laid out like bicycle spokes, which can expand the pupil up to 8 millimeters approximately the diameter of a chickpea. Cognitive and emotional events can also dictate pupil constriction and expansion, though such events occur on a smaller scale than the light reflex, causing changes generally less than half a millimeter. However, that is enough. By recording subjects’ eyes with infrared cameras and controlling for other factors that might affect pupil size, like brightness, color, and distance, scientists can use pupil movements as a proxy for other processes, like mental strain. (Knapp, Hall & Horgan, 2014, p.318-319) 3. Describe when we gaze more and when we gaze less. Every day we use non-verbal signals to communicate a wide range of emotions, feelings and desires. One of the most important of these signals is the gaze. I am sure that everyone has had the experience of being on a bus or a train and suddenly feeling quite uncomfortable because you feel that another person is staring at you, even though they may just be staring at a dot on the wall and you happen to be in the same direction. In our everyday interactions, we look at many people, yet we look at them in a specific way in order to avoid discomfort and disagreements. We are never really taught how to look at people, apart from a parent telling us to stop staring when we are very young, but we still manage to understand the way this process works. It may be because we use glances, looks and gazes so much in our routine communications that it has become second nature to us. There are a number of factors that influence the amount of time we spend looking at someone when we are engaged in conversation; the person who is listening gazes more than the person who is talking, we look more at people that we like and less at people that we do not and we gaze more when we are interested in the topic, than when we are bored. Gaze refers to an individual looking at another person. There are four main functions of gazing. Regulatory is when responses may be demanded or suppressed by looking. Monitoring is looking at the partner to indicate the conclusions of thought units and to check the partner’s attentiveness and reaction. Cognitive is looking away when having difficulty processing information or deciding what to say. Expressive is revealing the nature or degree of involvement and emotional arousal by looking. We gaze more when we are in deep conversations. In each of these functions, we gaze and look at the individual we are conversing with in various de grees of interest. Each of these has a different level of gazing. (Knapp, Hall & Horgan, 2014,  p.296-298) 4. How are the eyes used to determine deception? This question may require outside research. The eyes are the windows to the soul. The eyes are the most expressive area of a person’s entire body. A very important rule in the interpretation of non-verbal behavior, it is to look for breaks in eye contact. Breaks in eye contact, at the point of the answer, are considered deceptive. Breaks in eye contact indicating deception is generally accompanied by additional deceptive body behavior. A break in eye contact is when the interviewee is not, more or less, looking directly at the interviewer’s face and eyes, with the eyes open. Truthful people generally look at the interviewer when they are answering a question. Deceptive people will break eye contact at the instance of the answer. The process of detecting deception, by the use of breaks in eye contact, is used when the investigator is asking a series of questions, directed at the subject. In a question and answer session, the subject will generally maintain eye contact wi th the investigator, as the investigator is speaking. You should start with questions that are not relevant to the investigation at hand. Observe the person’s eye contact as you are speaking and they are answering. This will give you a norm for their behavior, what they normally do. Normally, a person will maintain eye contact during the question. You are looking for breaks in eye contact when the subject is answering the question. A truthful subject will maintain good eye contact while listening and will break eye contact to think or to gather thoughts and reestablish eye contact during the answer. For example, you ask a person where they were two nights ago at 10 pm. The subject will probably break eye contact while they are thinking and mentally gathering the information for the answer. This should not be considered a deceptive break in eye contact. The person is merely getting the information for the answer. In a truthful response, the person will regain eye contact and deliver the answer. The deceptive person will not maintain eye contact when they answer the question. They break eye contact, however briefl y, while answering the question. After the question is answered, the subject will resume eye contact. The deceptive break in eye contact occurs at the instance of the answer. These breaks may be subtle, looking away, blinking, rolling eyes, covering their eyes or diverting their attention to another task as they answer and coming back to eye contact after the answer. The break in eye contact is where the subject  is mentally running away from you. In some cultures and in some people, they will not make eye contact, constantly looking down or away from you. This process will not work until the person makes eye contact during the conversation. The techniques to gain their eye contact are not addressed in this article. Do not challenge the subject to look you in the eye. This creates false eye contact and obscures your ability to read the true breaks in eye contact. Another variation of breaking eye contact to gather and deliver information is where the subject is telling a story. For instance, a subject was assaulted and robbed. While telling the story, the person may not look at the investigator as they are presenting the story. In this instance, the person is replaying the incident in their head and narrating the story as they recall. During the story, the person may periodically make direct eye contact when a specific point is made. After the story has been delivered, the subject should regain eye contact, waiting for the investigator to respond. (Givens, 2013) 5. Discuss the different types of gestures. Speech-independent gestures depend upon culturally accepted interpretation. A wave or two fingers for a peace sign are examples of speech-independent gestures. Speech-independent gestures are nonverbal acts that have a direct verbal translation or dictionary definition, usually consisting of a word or two or a phrase. These gestures are the least dependent on speech for their meaning and most commonly occur as a single gesture. Speech independent gestures consist of nodding, shaking of head, using the middle finger, shrugging, hugs, or thumbs up. Speech-related gestures are used in parallel with verbal speech. This form of nonverbal communication is used to emphasize the message. Speech-related gestures are intended to provide supplemental information to a verbal message such as pointing to an object of discussion. Speech-related gestures are sometimes called illustrators, or co-speech gestures, are directly tied to or accompany speech. The meanings and functions of these gestures are revealed as we examine how they relate to the attendant spoken language. Speech-related gestures resemble the movements elicited by long-train stimulation of the primate motor cortex. Speech-related hand gestures have their evolutionary origins in functional hand movements of ancestral non-primate and primate species and  may be constrained by the neural substrate for those movements. (Knapp, Hall, Horgan, 2014, p. 201-215) 6. Discuss how people use kinesics to persuade others. The use of kinesics and in everyday life is the most prominent use of persuasion we use without even knowing. They are used unknowing because you may not know what they mean. This can cause cultural tension if you do something that may seem harmless to you but may be a great insult to another culture. Kinesics has many forms, which can be used by many people in the American culture to pursue people daily for various reasons. This use of persuasion is used today in everyday life. Kinesics is articulation of the body, or movement resulting from muscular and skeletal shift. This includes all actions, physical or physiological, automatic reflexes, posture, facial expressions, gestures, and other body movements. Kinesics may substitute for language, accompany it, or modify it. Kinesics may be verbal or informative and directive in nature, or they may be emotive or empathic movements. Posture is one of the components of kinesics. Posture is broken down into three basic positions, bent knee s, lying down, and standing. Artists and mimes have always been aware of the range of communication possible through body stance. However, there are some cultural differences in posture positions. Eye contact helps beggars get more money. Frequent but not prolonged eye contact leads to more persuasion. The lack of eye contact causes the person being spoken to not to trust the speaker. Open body poses are more persuasive. An audience that is standing is more likely to be persuaded than an audience sitting. Another use of kinesics would be proxemics and distance, being closer to a person can be more persuasive. In addition, dressing appropriately is persuasive. Everyone knows if dress well for an interview then you are persuading the interviewer that you are the person for the job. People that are more attractive are more persuasive. (Fisher, 2011) 7. Describe how cultural diversity affects kinesics and eye behaviors. Kinesics is body motions such as shrugs, foot tapping, drumming fingers, clicking pens, winking, facial expressions, and gestures. Nonverbal behavior or kinesics using observational skills or reading body language to understand a patient’s underlying feelings. Many people reveal more through their facial expressions part of kinesics than they may wish to convey. They  may sit alone and frown at what appears to be nothing at all. Others may exhibit a faint pleasant smile or offer a nearly vacant blank stare. Just by observations, you can begin to formulate opinions about others and react according to your impressions. Good kinesics give positive, self-confident, professional, nonverbal messages to people, being especially sensitive to gender or cultural differences. We as Americans may wish to be touched during difficult times or by close friends but generally stand 30 inches apart. Americans do shake hands. Young Americans do demonstrate affection publicly. Americans are taught to make eye contact. In terms of general kinesics, Americans use hand gestures to indicate when something is okay or give a thumbs up for a good job, and use head nodding to affirm a speaker’s message. African Americans most commonly exhibit behaviors typical of all Americans, but this group tends to touch more, especially around other African Americans. Further, as a group, they stand closer to each other and display more emotion through laughter and touching than is typical of Euro-Americans. Nonverbal communication skills serve various cultures well as you learn to observe and interpret the behavior of others. That which is non-neutral has some meaning. When nonverbal behavior contradicts verbal behavior, your attention must be focused there. Nonverbal interpretations also help you in establishing communication with those who cannot or will not talk. The nonverbal is often more revealing than the spoken word. The key elements of nonverbal language are kinesics, proxemics, haptics, oculesics, chronemics, olfactics, appearance and adornment, posture, locomotion, sound symbols, silence, and vocalics. You must be aware of what specific physical positions, such as encountering a patient with arms crossed who is staring at the floor, might mean. You must always check your perceptions rather than assuming the meaning of nonverbal behavior, especially when cultural differences may exist. Good observational skills are an important component of the nonverbal process. (O’neil, 2009) 8. Analyze your nonverbal communication using the material in the texts. Nonverbal communication is a broad term used to describe any method of transferring information without words. My nonverbal communication is intentional, and based on many things. Some of my nonverbal communication includes my body language, facial cues, attire, personal grooming, and hand gestures. Many of the facial expressions I use for example are relatively  universal. Most of the time I am communicating fear, joy, or anger when I use nonverbal communication. Other times I use nonverbal cues like bowing, shaking hands, or nodding my head. I use body language as nonverbal communication very often. For example, you may see me turning towards a person when seated and speaking to them is a nonverbal cue by nodding my head. When I tilt my head slightly is a form of nonverbal communication to show curiosity or express that I am listening closely. I may tend to look away to show a lack of attention. Sometime I may position myself far away from whomever I am talking to can show disinterest, disgust, or fear of the person. When I position myself slightly closer that means I am showing interest. When I position myself extremely close that means I am trying to communicate either aggression or a very high level of interest. My attire is another form of nonverbal communication. My clothing can communicate how I am feeling. It also often acts as a marker for social class. Designer clothing, custom tailored suits or shoes denotes wealth. It can even act as a nonverbal cue for religion or politics as well. My gestures also act as a form of nonverbal communication. I use wide range of hand gestures on a daily basis, such as a wave goodbye, thumbs up to demonstrate everything is okay, a wink to show that something is being left unsaid, or my personal favorite, elbowing someone to let them know that something is wrong, or shrugging my shoulders when I am unsure. References Fisher, J. (2001). Knowing body language saves embarrassment and improves understanding and clarity. Retrieved from http://www.livingbetter.org/livingbetter/articles/bodylanguage.htm Givens, J. (2013). Deception Cue. Retrieved from http://center-for-nonverbal-studies.org/deceive.htm Knapp, M. L., Hall, J. A., & Horgan, T. G. (2014) Nonverbal Communication in Human Interaction. Boston, MA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. O’neil, D. (2009). Hidden Aspects of Communication. Retrieved from http://anthro.palomar.edu/language/language_6.htm Pfeuffer, K., Vidal, M., Turner, J., Bulling, A., & Gellersen, H. (2013). Pursuit Calibration: Making Gaze Calibration Less Tedious and More Flexible. Retrieved from http://www.d2.mpi-inf.mpg.de/content/pursuit-calibration-making-gaze-calibration-less-tedious-and-more-flexible

How has technology over the years affected society today?

My essay will contain facts and answers about cell phones and if they are helping us or not and also how smart phones are actually making us stupid. It is getting bad, 37% of adults have admitted to being addicted to their smart phones while 60% of children and teens have admitted to being addicted to their smart phones. And Apple isn’t exactly helping with this. They have sold 33. 8 million I phones, 14. 1 million I pads and 4. 6 million Macs this quarter. In case you didn’t know a quarter in the business world is 4 months.And that’s just Apple alone, in the first three months of 2013 there have been an estimated 405 million cell phones sold with 216 million being smart phones and 189 million being regular cell phones. Smart phones, they have completely changed the way we communicate. We use them for everything entertainment, math, translation of languages, cameras, and even the Internet it really is mind blowing to think of what can be done with a Smartphone. H ave you ever heard someone say â€Å"there’s an app for that†? Well that’s because there is probably an app for just about everything.There are apps that your animals can play apps for your toddler and for your parents too. Whatever happened to cat toys, hot wheels and books? I mean honestly smart phones kill, how many lives would have been saved if we didn’t have smart phones how many lives could we have saved if we didn’t have that one app or internet connection? It’s also been worse since texting was made illegal because everyone try’s to hide it under the dashboard or god knows what other ways people try to hide phones, takes their eyes off the road and then veer and crash.It has got to the point where every part of daily life is run by our phones we use them to fall asleep wake up figure out what clothes we want to wear today and so on. Did you know sixty two percent of Americans admitted to relying on smartphones to get through their day? But on that note don’t get me wrong there are some advantages to smartphones like how they are a popular communication device, some apps are useful, the built in gps can get you out of some bad situations. it really just depends on the user it could be a 16 year old girl sending 30 texts a minute or it could be a 50 year old man taking 15 minutes to say what’s up.Which leads to another point of why old people shouldn’t use smartphones they set themselves up to be a danger to society if god wanted someone to take 15 minutes to say â€Å"hey† he would have given them a stutter. They need help most the time they use it, it would be simpler to own a regular phone that costs twenty dollars than have a three hundred or four hundred dollars. And when they do have smartphones they don’t use ninety percent of the apps or things like that when that’s what smartphones are for.

History of Xander Harris essays

History of Xander Harris essays He's a lanky fellow, dark-haired and self-effacing. He uses sarcastic humor to hide his insecurity (no one's told him it doesn't work). Even when he's being chased by a 100 feet serpent, he still manages to find the humor in the situation. He's been in a complicated love triangle and lives to tell about it. A friend, lover and slayerette......He's Xander Harris. Good afternoon/morning Ms. Rosteing and fellow students. As you can see, my speech is on Xander Harris. If you don't watch "Buffy the Vampire Slayer", which you should because it's the best show on TV, you're probably thinking, "who the hell is Xander Harris?". Well for the next 3-4 minutes sit back, relax and get ready for a "goofy" good time (as Xander would say). His full name is Alexander LaVelle Harris. He's 17 and hails from Sunnydale with its renown Hellmouth. Mishap after mishap, Xander is always there with a witty remark or funny joke. Xander is not exactly popular with the guys or the girls. He's the class clown and has much more important things to do than study homework namely study girls. He hangs out with Buffy Summers (this generation's slayer), Willow Rosenburg and Oz; otherwise known as the "Scooby Gang". He's been friends with Willow as long as they can remember. Before Buffy came along, it was just him, Willow and Jesse, his best friend. When Buffy showed up in Sunnydale, Jesse was turned into a vampire and he fell for everyone's favorite slayer. Buffy joined their group, and with her, they started hanging out in the library with Giles, Buffy's watcher. In terms of relationships, this is where it gets a little complicated. At the beginning of the show, Xander fell instantly in love with Buffy. But at the time, Xander and Willow were best friends, and Willow had a sizable crush on the X-man. So there was this love triangle deal going, and the fact that Buffy had no interest in Xander made it one big unrequited love angst-fest. Cord ...

Reporting Verbs for English Language Learners

Reporting Verbs for English Language Learners Reporting verbs are verbs that serve to report what someone else has said. Reporting verbs are different than the reported speech in that they are used to paraphrase what someone has said. Reported speech is used when reporting exactly what someone has said. To do this, use  say and tell. John told me he was going to stay late at work.Jennifer told Peter she had lived in Berlin for ten years. Peter said he wanted to visit his parents that weekend.My friend said he would finish his work soon. Other verbs used with reported speech include mention and comment. Here are some examples: Tom mentioned he enjoyed playing tennis.Alice mentioned she could take care of the kids this weekend. The teacher commented the students werent getting their homework done on time.The man commented he felt tired after such a long journey. When using reported speech, change the verb used by the original speaker to match your usage. In other words, if you report using said, you need to move everything back one step into the past. There are also pronoun changes and time cue changes that need to be made as appropriate in reported speech.   I like playing tennis. - Tom mentioned he liked playing tennis.  I have lived in Berlin for ten years. - Jennifer told Peter she had lived in Berlin for ten years.   Say and tell are the most common reporting verbs used to report what others have said. However, there are a number of other reporting verbs which can more accurately describe what someone has said. These verbs take a variety of structures that differ from reported speech. For example: Original Statement I will come to your party. I promise. Reported Speech He said he would come to my party. Reporting Verb He promised to come to my party. In this example, reported speech changes the original verb to would as well as changing the possessive pronoun your to my. In contrast, the reporting verb promise is simply followed by the infinitive. There are a number of formulas used with reporting verbs. Use the chart below to identify the structure required.   The following list gives you reporting verbs in various categories based on sentence structure. Note that a number of verbs can take more than one form. verb object infinitive verb infinitive verb (that) verb gerund verb object preposition gerund verb preposition gerund adviseencourageinviteremindwarn agreedecideofferpromiserefusethreaten admitagreedecidedenyexplaininsistpromiserecommendsuggest denyrecommendsuggest accuseblamecongratulate apologizeinsist Examples:Jack encouraged me to look for a new job.They invited all their friends to attend the presentation.Bob warned his friend not to open the can of worms.I advised the students to study carefully for the test. Examples:She offered to give him a lift to work.My brother refused to take no for an answer.Mary decided to attend university.He threatened to sue the company. Examples:Tom admitted (that) he had tried to leave early.She agreed (that) we needed to reconsider our plans.The teacher insisted that he didnt give enough homework.Our manager suggested we take some time off work. Examples:He denied having anything to do with her.Ken suggested studying early in the morning.Alice recommends playing golf in Bend, Oregon. Examples:They accused the boys of cheating on the exam.She blamed her husband for missing the train.The mother congratulated her daughter on graduating from college. Examples:He apologized for being late.She insisted on doing the washing up.Peter apologized for interrupting the meeting. For more information on reported speech, this overview of  reported speech  provides a guide on which transformations are required to use the form. Practice using this form with the  reported speech worksheet   that provides a quick review and exercise. Theres also a  reported speech quiz  which provides immediate feedback on correct or incorrect answers. Teachers can use this guide on  how to teach reported speech  for help introducing the reported speech, as well as a  reported speech lesson plan  and other resources.

Strengths and weaknesses of viral marketing Essay

Strengths and weaknesses of viral marketing - Essay Example Contrary to expectation, Leskovec, Adamic and Huberman, found that the chances of infection decreases as interaction increases (Leskovec, Adamic and Huberman, 2007, P.14). Therefore, marketers should avoid providing excessive incentives for customers to recommend products due to the corresponding weakening of credibility after the first recommendation. They also found that individuals have influence over only a few friends in network based epidermic models. Leskovec, Adamic and Huberman, recommend that smaller tightly knit groups are more conducive to viral marketing (Leskovec, Adamic and Huberman, 2007, P.14). Rationale for viral marketing Viral marketing exploits the established social networks between people by encouraging customers to share product experience and information with friends. It is important for marketers to understand the context in which viral marketing works and the qualities of products for which it is most effective. This is important in order to ensure that the right strategy is adopted to create favorable customer attitudes towards a product (Blythe, 2005, P.110). It can be argued that some services used by people to communicate are naturally suited to viral marketing because such products can be advertised as part of communication. Examples of such products are email services like Yahoo and Hotmail which were adopted very fast because every message sent through them was an advertisement for the service and the service was free. Hotmail spent only $50 000 on traditional marketing but still acquired 12 million users in 18 months. By the end of 2000, Hotmail had over 70 million users with 270 000 new accounts opened each day. Google’s Gmail grew...This is important in order to ensure that the right strategy is adopted to create favorable customer attitudes towards a product (Blythe, 2005, P.110). It can be argued that some services used by people to communicate are naturally suited to viral marketing because such products can be advertised as part of communication. Examples of such products are email services like Yahoo and Hotmail which were adopted very fast because every message sent through them was an advertisement for the service and the service was free. Hotmail spent only $50 000 on traditional marketing but still acquired 12 million users in 18 months. By the end of 2000, Hotmail had over 70 million users with 270 000 new accounts opened each day. Google’s Gmail grew rapidly in spite of the fact that customers had to sign up for the mail service through a referral . Most products cannot be advertised in this way; in any case, the choice of products on offer has increased as a result of the emergence of online marketers who can supply a wide variety of products. Another aspect of online retail is the fat tail phenomena, where a large portion of the sales consists of obscure products. For instance, at Amazon.Com 20 to 40 percent of unit sales fall outside the top 100 000 ranked products. Some online marketers argue that the fat tail indicates that key products with low sales volume contribute significantly to overall sales.